In ancient Mesopotamia, baking was a fundamental part of daily life, and kitchens were equipped with dedicated baking stations. The Mesopotamians had a traditional clay oven called a kazan, which was used for baking bread, cakes, and other baked goods. The kazan was heated by burning wood or charcoal, and the dough was placed inside to bake. The Mesopotamians also used other tools like grinding stones, sieves, and mixing bowls to prepare and cook their baked goods. Baking in ancient Mesopotamia was not limited to bread; they also made various types of pastries, pies, and even fermented breads. The ancient Mesopotamian kitchen was a place of innovation and culinary excellence, where baking techniques were refined and shared with neighboring civilizations.